The two steps the operating system takes to use a disk to hold its files are _______ and ________

A. Partitioning & logical formatting
B. Swap space creation & caching
C. Caching & logical formatting
D. Logical formatting & swap space creation

The _______ program initializes all aspects of the system, from CPU registers to device controllers and the contents of main memory, and then starts the operating system.

A. Main
B. Bootloader
C. Bootstrap
D. Rom

Explanation: In common conversation, the terms Bootstrap and Bootloader are often used interchangeably, but in a technical or exam context, they represent different stages of the computer's startup sequence. Think of it as a relay race: the Bootstrap program starts the race and hands the baton to the Bootloader, which then finishes the job by bringing in the Operating System. 1. The Bootstrap Program (Stage 1) This is the "First Breath" of the computer. 2. The Bootloader (Stage 2) This is the "Specialist" that knows how to talk to your specific Operating System.

The process of dividing a disk into sectors that the disk controller can read and write, before a disk can store data is known as ____________

A. Partitioning
B. Swap space creation
C. Low-level formatting
D. None of the mentioned

The data structure for a sector typically contains ____________

A. Header
B. Data area
C. Trailer
D. All of the mentioned

The header and trailer of a sector contain information used by the disk controller such as _________ and _________

A. Main section & disk identifier
B. Error correcting codes (ecc) & sector number
C. Sector number & main section
D. Disk identifier & sector number

For most computers, the bootstrap is stored in ________

A. Ram
B. Rom
C. Cache
D. Tertiary storage

A disk that has a boot partition is called a _________

A. Start disk
B. End disk
C. Boot disk
D. All of the mentioned

Defective sectors on disks are often known as __________

A. Good blocks
B. Destroyed blocks
C. Bad blocks
D. None of the mentioned

In SCSI disks used in high end PCs, the controller maintains a list of _________ on the disk. The disk is initialized during ________ which sets aside spare sectors not visible to the operating system.

A. Destroyed blocks, high level formatting
B. Bad blocks, partitioning
C. Bad blocks, low level formatting
D. Destroyed blocks, partitioning

In SCSI disks used in high end PCs, the controller maintains a list of bad blocks on the disk. The disk is initialized during low-level formatting which sets aside spare sectors not visible to the operating system. The scheme used is known as _______ or ________

A. Sector sparing & forwarding
B. Forwarding & sector utilization
C. Backwarding & forwarding
D. Sector utilization & backwarding