Operating System Subcategories

Memory Management Swapping 1	Process Scheduling Queue
Virtual Memory Page Replacement Algorithms 1	Linux
Cpu Scheduling	Memory Management
Computer Fundamentals	Cpu Scheduling Benefits
Threads Signal Handling	Threads Ult Klt
Distributed Operating System	Basics
Operating System	Processes
Cpu Scheduling Algorithms 1	Cpu Scheduling Algorithms 2
Deadlock	Deadlock Avoidance
Memory Management Swapping 2	Memory Allocation 1
Secondary Storage	Memory Management Paging 1
Memory Management Paging 2	Rtos
Multimedia System Cpu Disk Scheduling	Security Intrusion Detection
Virtual Memory Thrashing	File System Interface Access Methods 1
File System Interface Directory Structure 1	File System Interface Directory Structure 2
File System Interface Mounting Sharing	File System Allocation Methods 1
Disk Scheduling 2	Disk Management
Classic Sync Problems	Semaphores 1
Process Creation	Multimedia System Network Management
Semaphores 2	Cpu Scheduling 2
Application Io Interface 1	Inter Process Communication
Process Synchronization	Multimedia System Compression 1
Network File System 1	Disk Scheduling 1
Mass Storage Raid 1	File System 1
Communication Systems Bandwidth Transmission Medium	Security Cryptography
Two Port Network	Process Rpc
Virtual Memory Page Replacement Algorithms 2	Virtual Memory Frame Allocation
Network File System 2	File System Allocation Methods 2
File System Allocation Methods 3	Process Control Block
Process Structures	Critical Section Problem
Process Sync Monitors	Atomic Transactions
Deadlock Recovery	Memory Allocation 2
Memory Management Segmentation	Application Io Interface 2
Kernel Io Subsystems	Multimedia System Compression 2
Multimedia System Compression 3	Security User Authentication
Security Program System Threats	Security System Facility
Threads Fork Exec	Threads Cancellation
Threads Pools	Multi Threading Models
Virtual Memory Demand Paging	Virtual Memory
File System Concepts	File System Implementation
File System Interface Access Methods 2	File System Recovery
Io Subsystem	Swap Space Management
Mass Storage Raid 2	Mass Storage Tertiary Storage
Protection Concepts	Protection Access Matrix
Security	Protection Memory Protection
Protection Revocation Access Rights	Network Structure Topology
Robustness	Distributed File System
Distributed Synchronization	Deadlock Prevention
Deadlock Detection	Threads
File System Interface Protection	File System Free Space Performance

The two steps the operating system takes to use a disk to hold its files are _______ and ________

A. Partitioning & logical formatting
B. Swap space creation & caching
C. Caching & logical formatting
D. Logical formatting & swap space creation

The _______ program initializes all aspects of the system, from CPU registers to device controllers and the contents of main memory, and then starts the operating system.

A. Main
B. Bootloader
C. Bootstrap
D. Rom

Explanation: In common conversation, the terms Bootstrap and Bootloader are often used interchangeably, but in a technical or exam context, they represent different stages of the computer's startup sequence. Think of it as a relay race: the Bootstrap program starts the race and hands the baton to the Bootloader, which then finishes the job by bringing in the Operating System. 1. The Bootstrap Program (Stage 1) This is the "First Breath" of the computer. 2. The Bootloader (Stage 2) This is the "Specialist" that knows how to talk to your specific Operating System.

The process of dividing a disk into sectors that the disk controller can read and write, before a disk can store data is known as ____________

A. Partitioning
B. Swap space creation
C. Low-level formatting
D. None of the mentioned

The data structure for a sector typically contains ____________

A. Header
B. Data area
C. Trailer
D. All of the mentioned

The header and trailer of a sector contain information used by the disk controller such as _________ and _________

A. Main section & disk identifier
B. Error correcting codes (ecc) & sector number
C. Sector number & main section
D. Disk identifier & sector number

For most computers, the bootstrap is stored in ________

A. Ram
B. Rom
C. Cache
D. Tertiary storage

A disk that has a boot partition is called a _________

A. Start disk
B. End disk
C. Boot disk
D. All of the mentioned

Defective sectors on disks are often known as __________

A. Good blocks
B. Destroyed blocks
C. Bad blocks
D. None of the mentioned

In SCSI disks used in high end PCs, the controller maintains a list of _________ on the disk. The disk is initialized during ________ which sets aside spare sectors not visible to the operating system.

A. Destroyed blocks, high level formatting
B. Bad blocks, partitioning
C. Bad blocks, low level formatting
D. Destroyed blocks, partitioning

In SCSI disks used in high end PCs, the controller maintains a list of bad blocks on the disk. The disk is initialized during low-level formatting which sets aside spare sectors not visible to the operating system. The scheme used is known as _______ or ________

A. Sector sparing & forwarding
B. Forwarding & sector utilization
C. Backwarding & forwarding
D. Sector utilization & backwarding