Guthrie is most closely associated with which of the following in learning theory?

A. Reinforcement
B. Habit strength
C. Contiguity of s and r d. s-r connection
D. None of these

Responding to a conditioned stimulus in order to avoid electric shock is an example of ________________?

A. Avoidance conditioning
B. Punishment
C. Escape conditioning
D. Successive approximation

Putting animals in puzzle boxes to study their intelligence was initially undertaken by _______________?

A. Skinner
B. Pavlov
C. Atkinson
D. Thorndike

The type of learning that is unique for human is _________________?

A. Verbal learning
B. Operant conditioning
C. Classical conditioning
D. Motor task learning

You had a car crash, now all cars scare you, it is called ______________?

A. Extinction
B. Discrimination
C. Secondary reinforcement
D. Generalization

Under which of the following reinforcement schedules is it most important for an organism to learn to estimate time accurately?

A. Fixed ratio
B. Variable interval
C. Variable ratio
D. Fixed interval

This is not an important factor in the acquisition of motor skills ________________?

A. Feedback
B. Repetition
C. Distribution of practice
D. Reflex action

In negative reinforcement __________________________?

A. An aversive stimulus is administered
B. A pleasing stimulus is removed
C. Response learning is faster than escape training
D. An aversive stimulus is removed

In which form of conditioning is the conditioned stimulus (CS) presented after the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) _______________?

A. Higher order conditioning
B. Forward conditioning
C. Backward conditioning
D. Second order conditioning

According to Wolfgang Kohler, when one of his chimps fastened two sticks together to reach a bunch of bananas, it was showing an evidence of _________________?

A. Trial-and-error learning
B. A fixed-action pattern
C. Instinctual drift
D. Insight