According to the health belief model behaviour is a product of a set of core beliefs that have been redefined over the years. But which of the following is NOT one of these original core beliefs?

A. Susceptibility to illness.
B. Severity of the illness.
C. The costs involved in carrying out the behaviour.
D. Self – efficacy.

The original protection motivation theory claimed that health – related behaviours are a product of, and therefore predicted by five opponents. But which of the following is NOT one of these?

A. Fear
B. Severity
C. Benefits
D. Self – efficacy

All of the following are behavioural risk factors associated with coronary heart disease except for:

A. Stress
B. Type a behaviour
C. Diet and exercise
D. Hormones

Based on the work of James Pennebaker and colleagues, disclosing or expressing oneself through writing and talking has been associated with improvements on which types of health outcomes?

A. immune function
B. alcohol use
C. number of doctor’s visits
D. chd

According to Lazarus, the degree to which a potential stressor will produce stress depends on the role of which psychological process?

A. Cooping
B. Appraisal of the stressor and how to copy with it
C. Sympathetic activation
D. Degree of fear

We now know the health professionals may behave not just according to their education and training, but also according to their own ‘lay beliefs’. But which of the following beliefs has been indicated by research to influence the development of a health professional’s original diagnosis?

A. The nature of clinical problems.
B. The probability of the disease.
C. Similar patients.
D. All of the above.

Research has indicated the beliefs of health professionals can affect the initial diagnoses that they make. Which beliefs have been identified as affecting the practice of health professionals?

A. stereotype of the illness of people with the illness
B. perspective or philosophy of the professional
C. seriousness of the disease potentially represented by symptoms
D. prior knowledge of the patient

Psychology has an important role to play at all stages of chronic illnesses such as coronary heart disease (CHD). But which one of the following is usually NOT the case in terms of the psychology behind such in illness?

A. Someone who believes that ‘lots of people recover from heart attacks may lead an inactive and sedentary lifestyle.
B. If someone has a history of heart attacks in their family and is resigned to that fate, that person is more likely to develop the illness either by affecting behaviour or by having an impact on the immune system.
C. A person who copes with their illness by taking definite action and making plans about how to prevent it from deteriorating is in a state of denial and may make the situation worse.
D. Believing that a heart attack is due to a genetic weakness rather than a product of lifestyle may mean that a person is less likely to attend a rehabilitation class and be less likely to try and change the way they behave.

The negative emotional experience resulting from a resulting from a mismatch between the individual’s appraisal of a stressor and the individual’s ability to cope with the stressor is a common definition for which psychological phenomenon?

A. Fear
B. Susceptibility
C. Stress
D. Symptom perception

Identify the true statement from those given below. In the health psychology model:

A. The individual is seen as a passive victim of some external force, such as a virus.
B. By acknowledge of the role of behaviours such as smoking, diet and alcohol the individual for their health and illness.
C. The whole person is treated, and therefore the patient become fully responsible for their treatment.
D. Only the physical changes that occur due to ill health should be treated.