Which is a common postcolonial critique of the West ?

A. Thewest spends too much time trying to consider an asian perspective.
B. The west tends to look at asian countries as individual units rather than lump them together.
C. The west views matters through its own limited historical position.
D. The west refuses to apply economic and political coercion to asian writers.

What is humanism ?

A. A humanity-centered view of the universe
B. A school of theory devoted to the revival of classical (ancient greek and roman) literature
C. A theory that values restraint, form, and imitation
D. All of the above.

To what idea does the term heteroglossia refer ?

A. An infant’s inability to speak prior to the mirror stage
B. The referential relationships among symbols, signifiers, and signs
C. The multi-layered nature of language in a literary work
D. The formulaic shift between economic and political themes

What is the philosophical theory known as pragmatism ?

A. A theory of practical actions developed by william james
B. An idea used to guide conduct towards clear objectives
C. A concept derived from the ancient greek word pragma, meaning action
D. All of the above.

How does Wolfgang Iser envision the reader ?

A. The reader fills in the gaps imposed by an author’s intention.
B. The reader is sublimated beneath the author.
C. The reader is less important than the author’s context.
D. The reader is totally subject to the author’s intention.

What is the main function of literary theory ?

A. To formulate relationships among an author, a reader, and a literary work
B. To understand the role of sexuality, gender, race, and ethnicity in literary study
C. To evaluate the role of historical context in the interpretation of literature
D. All of the above.

Which of the following literary theorists is most closely associated with the concept that became known as liberal humanism ?

A. Aristotle
B. Viktor shklovsky
C. Cleanth brooks
D. Stanley fish

What is dialogism ?

A. A term used to describe how texts include a variety of styles
B. A term used to explain the use of multiple points of view in literature
C. A term that explains resistance to a monolithic text
D. All of the above.

Ecotheorists tend to show an interest in which of the following ?

A. How writers conceptualize natural environments and the representation of environmental issues in literature and culture
B. How writers have damaged the environment
C. How the environment can be repaired
D. Who is responsible for damaging the environment

In his essay “What Is an Author?” what position(s) on authorship does Michel Foucault take ?

A. The names of authors serve a classificatory function.
B. The author is not a source of infinite meaning.
C. The author may not always exist.
D. All of the above.