Any tillage and planting system that maintains at least 30% of the soil surface covered by residue after planting for the purpose of reducing soil erosion by water:

A. Deep tillage
B. Conservation tillage
C. Both a & b
D. None of these

The following types of check dams have been tried in Pakistan:

A. Brushwood check dams
B. Loose stone or wire-bound check dams
C. Cement & stone check dams
D. All of the above

The unit of a scale used to measure the level of acidity or alkalinity of chemicals is called:

A. Ec
B. Ph
C. Pascal
D. None of the above

___________ , considered a perfect soil, is a mixture of silt, clay and sand:

A. Clay
B. Sandy loam
C. Loamy sand
D. Loam

The available soil is being polluted quickly by _____________ wastes.

A. Industrial
B. Agricultural
C. Household
D. All of the above

The capacity of a soil to function on sustained basis promoting plant & animal health:

A. Soil neutrality
B. Soil quality
C. Both a & b
D. None of these

Organic matter decomposes rapidly in Pakistani soils because of ____________ conditions, that is why our soils generally have < 1% organic matter:

A. High temperature
B. Alkaline
C. Both a & b
D. None of a & b

The soil quality is always deteriorated by:_________?

A. Erosion & pollution
B. Waterlogging & salinization
C. Nutrient mining
D. All of these

New soils, no or little profile development:

A. Entisols
B. Inceptisols
C. Andisols
D. Aridisols

Inceptisols:___________?

A. Young soils with few horizons
B. Volcanic soils
C. Organic soils
D. Dry soils